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Animal glue, historically one of the oldest known adhesives, is a natural protein-based adhesive derived from animal connective tissues, bones, and hides. It is primarily composed of collagen, which, upon heating with water, denatures into gelatin. When this gelatin solution cools, it forms a cohesive bond as the water evaporates. This adhesive has been utilized by humans for millennia, dating back to ancient Egypt, demonstrating its long-standing efficacy and natural origins.

The most common types of animal glue include hide glue (from bovine hides), bone glue (from animal bones), and fish glue (from fish parts). These glues are typically supplied as dry granules, flakes, or cakes that require heating in water to a specific temperature (usually around 60-70°C) to activate their adhesive properties. Once applied and as the water dissipates, the glue cools and hardens, creating a strong, rigid bond.

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A key characteristic of animal glue, particularly hide glue, is its reversibility. The bond can be softened and re-opened by applying heat and moisture, making it highly valued in fine woodworking, antique restoration, and musical instrument manufacturing. This reversibility allows for repairs, disassembly without damage, and fine adjustments, which are impossible with many synthetic glues. Animal glue also exhibits excellent creep resistance, meaning it resists deformation under prolonged stress, making it suitable for structural applications in traditional craftsmanship. Beyond woodworking, it has been used in bookbinding, abrasive production (as a binder for sandpaper), sizing for paper and textiles, and even as a traditional ingredient in gesso for painting. While largely superseded by synthetic adhesives in many mass-production applications, animal glue retains a niche as a preferred adhesive for its unique properties, natural composition, and historical significance in various artisanal crafts.